What happened in the battle of Tabuk?
This article is about battle of Tabuk which was fought in the Month or Rajab. IN this article you will read about Battle of Tabuk and events.
Battle of Tabuk
Arab disbelievers wrote a letter to King Heracles in Rome that Hazrat Muhammad has passed away, people are dying of hunger, this is the right time that you come to attack, Hercules made preparations and took an army of 40,000 Romans and got ready to fight (Sharh al-Mawahib Zarqani, volume 3 page 54).
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| Horses in battle |
The Messenger of Allah came to know about the preparation of the enemy.
It became known from the merchants of Syria used to come to Medina to sell olive oil that Heracles has prepared a great army to fight you and has already reached Balqa. Herakles also paid annual salaries to all the army.
(Muhammad Azwayd, Volume 6, Page 191 - Tabaqat Ibn Saad, Volume 2, Page 119)
Order to prepare for the Battle of Tabuk
In this announcement, the Messenger of Allah ordered muslims to prepare for the journey to go to their border and fight them.
The conditions under which preparation was ordered were no less than a war.
The distance, the heat, the famine, all these conditions gave orders for Jihad, and the hypocrites who called themselves Muslims were frightened.
(Aayun alasar Volume 2, Page 215)
Financial and life sacrifice of Muslims
The believers got busy preparing their lives and wealth. Hazrat Abu Bakr first offered 4000 dirhams, Hazrat Umar offered half of the wealth.
Abdrahman bin Aaf presented two hundred waqiyas of silver and Asm bin Adi 70 wasqs of dates.
Usman Ghanni gave 300 camels and 1000 dinars along with the goods.
(Shar al-Wahhab, Volume 3, Page 65, Fatah Al-Bari, Volume 7, Page 44).
Many companions helped according to their means, but still the ride and the equipment for the journey could not be completed.
He left Medina with 30,000 troops, including 10,000 horses.
He made Muhammad bin Muslimah Ansar the governor of Madina and Hazrat Ali for take care about his family.
(Sahi al-Bukhari, Volume 1, page 526, Yawn al-Athr, Volume 2, page 216).
On the way, when he passed the village of Samud, he covered his face and sped up.
And he urged his companions that no one should enter the houses of these oppressors, nor use their water, nor perform ablution from there.
Those who took the water by mistake or kneaded the flour were ordered to spill the water and feed the flour camels.
(Saheeh Bukhari, Volume 1, Page 478, Kitab Al Anbiya)
Messenger of Allah in Tabuk
The Messenger of Allah waited for 20 days after reachin Tabuk.
But no one came to the contest, your coming was not in vain, the enemy was impressed by you and the tribes surrendered.
There, the chiefs of the tribes came to him and made peace and agreed to pay jizya.
You wrote treaty of Peace for them.
(Al-Khasis Al-Kubra, Volume 1, Page 273)
Akhdar's arrest and reconciliation
He sent Khalid bin Walid with 420 horsemen towards Ikheder. He was the chief of Dumat al-Jindal
Hazrat Khalid arrested him and presented him in front of Holy Prophet.
He made treaty of peace by giving 2000 camels, 800 horses, 400 armours, and 400 spears.
Return of the Messenger of Allah to Madinah
He returned to Madinah in Ramadan, first went to the Prophet's Mosque and prayed two rak'ahs.
Freed from prayer, he sat down to meet the people and then went home to rest.
This was the last battle of the Messenger of Allah.
The matter of the hypocrites
When you set out for Tabuk, a group of renegades were left behind with their intentions.
But there were some Muslims but some were frightened by the heat. Among them there were three companions, Kahab bin Malik, Marara bin Rabbah, and Hilal bin Umayyah.
These three stayed behind because of their laziness, Allah accepted their forgiveness (Sahi Bakhar Chapter Hadith Kahib bin Malik, Volume 2, Page 634 to 636).
Results of The Battle
*1. No fighting took place*
The Byzantine army did not come to battle. The Muslim army waited at Tabuk for ∼20 days, then returned.
*2. Northern border secured*
The threat of a Byzantine attack on Muslim territories ended. Muslim authority was established up to Tabuk.
*3. Peace treaties signed*
Tribes and cities like Aylah, Jarba, Adhruh, and Dumah al-Jandal signed peace treaties with the Muslims and agreed to pay jizyah.
*4. Muslim power demonstrated*
The large army and long march showed strength. This deterred other enemies and increased Muslim influence in northern Arabia.
*5. Community tested*
- Hypocrites who stayed behind without excuse were exposed.
- 3 sincere companions who stayed were tested and later forgiven.
- The sacrifice of companions who contributed wealth and effort was highlighted.
*6. Quranic guidance revealed
Several verses of *Surah At-Tawbah* were revealed about sincerity, jihad, hypocrisy, and repentance related to this expedition.
*FAQ: Battle of Tabuk
*Q1. When did the Battle of Tabuk take place?*
A: In Rajab, 9 AH, which is October 630 CE.
*Q2. Who led the expedition?*
A: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) personally led it.
*Q3. Who was the enemy?*
A: The Byzantine Roman Empire. News came that they were gathering troops near Tabuk.
*Q4. Where is Tabuk?*
A: In present-day northwest Saudi Arabia, near the Jordan border. About 700 km north of Madinah.
*Q5. Why is it called "Ghazwat al-Usrah"?*
A: "Usrah" means hardship. The army faced extreme heat, lack of water, food shortage, and few mounts.
*Q6. How big was the Muslim army?*
A: Around 30,000 soldiers. It was the largest Muslim army at that time.
*Q7. Did any battle happen at Tabuk?*
A: No. The Byzantine army did not show up, so there was no fighting.
*Q8. What were the main results?*
A:
- Peace treaties with northern Arab tribes
- Payment of jizyah by cities like Aylah
- Securing the northern border of the Muslim state
- Demonstration of Muslim strength
*Q9. What happened to those who stayed behind?*
A: Hypocrites were exposed. 3 sincere companions who stayed without a valid reason were boycotted for 50 days and then forgiven. Verses about this are in Surah At-Tawbah.
*Q10. Which Surah mentions the Battle of Tabuk?*
A: *Surah At-Tawbah*, verses 38 to 129
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