Conquest of Jerusalem ( Bait al Maqdis) by Umar

 This article is about conquest of Jerusalem bait al maqdis by Umar. In this article you will gain knowledge how conquered bait al maqdis hazrat Umar.

Conquest of Jerusalem(Bait al Maqdis) by Umar

When Hazrat Abu Bakr went to Syria, there were different officers from each province and the officer who went to Palestine was Hazrat Amr bin Alas.

He captured the nearby cities of Nablus, Lod, Amwas and Beit Jibreen before attacking the Holy Temple.

When did Hazrat Umar conquer Jerusalem?(Bait al Maqdas)

In 16 Hijri, Hazrat Umar bin Alas captured

Jerusalem (Bait al-Maqsas), which was the main city of Syria.

At the same time, Abu Ubaydah also arrived. The Christians defended themselves for a few days, but their strength was completely exhausted.

In the end, he asked for reconciliation and, for his own satisfaction, he wished for Hazrat Umar to write the agreement himself.

And if you sign this agreement, we will hand over the Holy House to the Muslims.

Hazrat Uamr's journey to 

Jerusalem (Bait-ul-Maqdis)

Hazrat Abu Ubaidah gave his message to Hazrat Umar that the Fatah of Bait ul Muqdis depends only on you.

Hazrat Uamr gathered all his companions and consulted about his Holy House.

Hazrat Uamr made Hazrat Ali his guardian and left for  Jerusalem (Bait al-Maqdis)on Rajab 16 Hijri.

Hazrat Amr made this journey very simply with only one slave.

And this journey was on a camel. One destination was Hazrat Amar and the other destination was riding a slave.

Hazrat Uamr Bait al-Muqaddas reached the place of Jabia, where Yazid bin Abu Safin and Khalid bin Waleed welcomed him.

So at that time, Ghulam was riding a camel and Hazrat Amar was on foot.

What was the conquest of Jerusalem?(Bait al Maqdis)

 He stayed in Jabiya for a long time and the covenant of Bait al-Maqdis was also written there. The agreement was that lives and wealth would be saved and they would not be harmed.

And here the Christian leaders came to Hazrat Umar.

Entering the  

Jerusalem(Bait al Maqdis)

After this covenant, Hazrat Umar entered the holy house at night.

First, he entered the Al-Aqsa Mosque and offered two rakat prayers in the Mihrab Dawood.

And then offered Fajr prayer at the same place.

Returning from the  

Jerusalem (Bait al Maqdis)

After signing the agreement with the Christians, Hazrat Umar returned to Medina.

​Bait al Maqdis is a sacred place for muslims. It was first worship place of Muslim where muslime did pilgrimige.

FAQ 

*1. *When did Umar (RA) conquer Jerusalem?*_  

In 16 AH / 637 CE. After a siege of several months, the city surrendered during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA).

*2. *Who was the ruler of Jerusalem before the Muslim conquest?__  

The Byzantine Empire. The Patriarch of Jerusalem at the time was Sophronius.

*3. *Who led the Muslim army?__  

Initially the conquest was led by generals like Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah and Khalid ibn Walid. But when negotiations for surrender began, the people of Jerusalem specifically asked for Caliph Umar (RA) to come and receive the keys of the city.

*4. *Was there any bloodshed during the conquest?__  

No. The surrender was peaceful. Umar (RA) granted an assurance of safety called the _Covenant of Umar_ or _Al-Uhda al-Umariyya_. Churches, lives, and property were protected.

*5. *What is the Covenant of Umar?__  

It was the treaty given to the people of Jerusalem. Key points:  

- Freedom of religion for Christians and Jews  

- Protection of churches and places of worship  

- No forced conversions  

- Jizya tax in return for state protection  

- No Muslim would live inside the churches

*6. *Where did Umar (RA) pray when he entered Jerusalem?__  

Patriarch Sophronius invited him to pray inside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Umar (RA) refused and prayed outside instead, so that Muslims in the future would not claim the church and turn it into a mosque. That spot later became the Mosque of Umar.

*7. *What did Umar (RA) do at Al-Aqsa?__  

He cleared the area of Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Temple Mount, which was being used as a garbage dump at the time. He prayed there and established it as a place of Muslim worship.

*8. *Why is this conquest important?__  

It was the first time Jerusalem came under Muslim rule. It set an example of tolerance and coexistence. The Covenant of Umar is still referenced in discussions about religious freedom and minority rights.

*9. *How long did Umar (RA) stay in Jerusalem?__  

Historical reports say he stayed only a few days. He then returned to Madina.

*10. *What happened to non-Muslims after the conquest?_*  

They continued to live in Jerusalem, practice their religion, and manage their own religious affairs under Muslim protection.