10 Moharram, Introduction of Yazeed, birth,intrests,reign and death
Introduction of Yazeed,Birth ,intrests ,reign and death.
Yazeed bin Mo’awiya( 60 Hijrah to 64 Hijrah, 680 to 683)
* After the death of Ameer Mo’awiya, his son Yazed ascended the throne.
* He was born in Makkah, a city in Saudi Arabia.
* His mother's name was Mesun bint e Sajdal.
Yazeed’s life
His life was like a prince and rich people. But he took part in battles also.
History of Yazeed
He was the 6th caliph of Islam and 2nd caliph of the Umayyad line.
He was the first ruler in Islamic history who was elected through heritage.His father elected him before his death.
This resulted in the opposition: Imam Hussain (RA) and Abdullah bin Zubair.
His name is closely linked with the events of 10th Muharram 61 Hijri. He is one of the most discussed personalities in Islamic history because his reign marked a big change in how Muslim rulers were chosen.
*Yazeed’s Early Life and Birth*
Yazeed was born in 26 Hijri / 647 CE in Damascus, Syria.
His father was Hazrat Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty.
His mother was Maysun bint Bahdal from the Kalb tribe.
He grew up in the royal court of Damascus. His lifestyle was like a prince. He got the best education of that time. Along with luxury, he was also trained for wars and leadership.
*Yazeed’s Interests at a Young Age*
From his teenage years, Hazrat Muawiya gave him big responsibilities to prepare him for ruling.
His main interests were:
1. *Politics and Governance*:
He learned how to manage provinces and make political decisions.
2. *Military and Battles*:
He took part in military campaigns and studied war strategies.
3. *Arab Culture*:
He liked poetry, horse riding, and hunting. These were signs of leadership in Arab society.
*History of Yazeed’s Rule / Reign*
Yazeed became ruler after the death of his father in 60 Hijri / 680 CE.
Earlier, Muslim leaders were chosen by consultation. But Hazrat Muawiya made a will and nominated his son Yazeed as the next ruler. This was the first time in Islamic history that leadership was passed through inheritance.
*Important points of his reign:*
- *Capital*: Damascus
- *Duration*: 60 Hijri to 64 Hijri - about 3 to 4 years
- *Biggest Event*: The refusal of Imam Hussain (RA) and Abdullah bin Zubair to accept his rule. This led to the tragedy of Karbala on 10th Muharram 61 Hijri.
- *Challenge*:
His rule faced opposition in Hijaz and Iraq, but was accepted in Syria.
This period changed the Islamic political system from consultation to kingship.
*Yazeed’s Death*
Yazeed died on 14th Rabi-ul-Awwal 64 Hijri, 12 November 683 CE in Hawwarin, near Damascus, Syria. He was 38 years old.
The reason recorded was illness. After him, his son Muawiya II became ruler for a short time.
*Legacy of 10th Muharram*
The era of Yazeed is remembered mainly because of Karbala. Historians study his time to understand how the political system of Muslims changed after the Khulafa-e-Rashideen.
That is why 10th Muharram is observed every year with great importance in Islamic history.
Yazeed’ interests at a young age
Yazeed learnt about politics, battles and the history of battles. Hazrat Mo’awiya gave him big responsibilities even in his teenage years.
Yazeed'Reign
IN the Islamic world, the governor of an area is elected by the people and hereditary election is not acceptable. But Hazrat Mo’awiya was not interested in such customs and traditions. So he made a will at the time of his death that Yazed would be the next ruler. So Hazrat Mo’awiya nominated him as his heir.
So he became ruler after Hazrat Mo’awiya's death in 60 Hijrah.(History of Islam, Nadvi part 2 page 272)
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Yazeed’s death
Yazeed died on 12 Nov year 683 in Hawwarin, Syria.
As he was an opponent of Hazrat Imam Hussain, son of Hazrat Ali, and he was the killer of Hazrat Imam Hussain and his family, he has no good fame among the community.
FAQs*
*Q1: Yazeed bin Muawiya kaun the?*
Yazeed bin Muawiya Umayyad Khilafat ke dusre hukmaran the. Wo Hazrat Muawiya RA ke bete the aur 60 Hijri se 64 Hijri tak hukmaran rahe.
*Q2: Yazeed ki paidaish kab aur kahan hui?*
Yazeed ki paidaish 26 Hijri / 647 CE mn Damascus, Syria mn hui. Unke walid Hazrat Muawiya RA aur walida Maysun bint Bahdal thin.
*Q3: Yazeed kaise hukmaran bana?*
Unke walid Hazrat Muawiya RA ne apni wafat se pehle wasiyat ke zariye Yazeed ko apna janasheen muqarrar kiya tha. Ye Islami tareekh mn pehli baar tha ke hukoomat baap se bete ko mili.
*Q4: 10th Muharram ka Yazeed se kya talluq hai?*
10th Muharram 61 Hijri ko Karbala ka waqia pesh aya. Isi din Hazrat Imam Hussain RA ne Yazeed ki hukoomat ki bayat se inkar kiya tha.
*Q5: Yazeed ki hukoomat kitne saal rahi?*
Yazeed ki hukoomat taqreeban 3 saal aur 3 mahine rahi. 60 Hijri se 64 Hijri tak.
*Q6 : Yazeed ke door ki sab se bari khaasiyat kya thi?*
Sab se bari tabdeeli ye thi ke Khilafat ka nizam shura se badal kar baap se bete wale nizam, yani saltanat mn tabdeel ho gaya.
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